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Showing posts with label B.E/ B.Tech Final Project. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 6, 2022

छत का वास्तु भी बिगाड़ सकता है आपकी किस्मत , जाने कैसे ? Ghar Ka vastu Sh...

2:01 PM 0
          छत का वास्तु भी बिगाड़ सकता है आपकी किस्मत, जानें कैसे ?

 

वास्तुशास्त्र में दिशाओं का महत्व

आमतौर पर देखा जाता है कि लोग घर के अंदर की साफ-सफाई या घर के अंदर के वास्तु पर तो ध्यान देते हैं, लेकिन उनका ध्यान घर की छत पर से हट जाता है। कई लोग तो छत को कबाड़ रखने के लिए काम लाते हैं या इसकी सफाई पर ध्यान नहीं देते। ऐसा करना आपके घर में गंभीर वास्तु दोष उत्पन्न कर सकता है जिसके कारण आपको मानसिक,आर्थिक या शारीरिक समस्याओं का सामना करना पड़ सकता है।

 

छत कहां से हो खुली-

यदि आपका एक मंजिल मकान है और आप छत पर भी कुछ निर्माण करवा रहे है तो ध्यान रहे निर्माण दक्षिण या दक्षिण-पश्चिम में करवाना लाभदायक सिद्ध होगा। छत के लिए खुली जगह हमेशा उत्तर-पूर्व, उत्तर या पूर्व की ओर छोड़नी चाहिए। छत दक्षिण और पश्चिम में नहीं होनी चाहिए।

 

पानी की टंकी लगाने की दिशा-

वास्तु विज्ञान के अनुसार दक्षिण पश्चिम यानी नैऋत्य कोण अन्य दिशा से ऊंचा और भारी होना शुभ फलदायी होता है। छत पर पानी का टैंक इस दिशा में लगाने से अन्य भागों की अपेक्षा यह भाग ऊंचा और भारी हो जाता है। घर की समृद्धि के लिए दक्षिण-पश्चिम दिशा में पानी का टैंक लगाना चाहिए।  इस दिशा में टंकी रखते समय यह भी ध्यान रखें कि इस दिशा की दीवार टैंक से  कुछ ऊंची अवश्य हो इससे आमदनी बढ़ती है एवं परिवार में आपसी संबंध मजबूत होते हैं। अगर इस दिशा में टंकी लगाना संभव नहीं हो तो दक्षिण या पश्चिम दिशा में विकल्प के तौर पर पानी की टंकी रखी जा सकती है।

 

छत की साफ-सफाई

छत की साफ-सफाई है जरूरी

छत की सफाई को लेकर लोग इसलिए लापरवाह हो जाते हैं कि कौन देखता है पर ऐसा करना वास्तुदोष को उत्पन्न करता है। घर की छत पर किसी भी प्रकार की गंदगी न रखें। यहां किसी भी प्रकार के बांस या लोहे का जंग लगा हुआ सामान या टूटी कुर्सियां इत्यादि फालतू सामान कभी न रखें। जिन लोगों के घरों की छत पर अनुपयोगी सामान रखा होता है, वहां नकारात्मक शक्तियां अधिक सक्रिय रहती हैं, उस घर में रहने वाले लोगों के विचार नकारात्मक होते हैं एवं परिवार में भी मनमुटाव की स्थितियां बन सकती हैं।

 

 किस तरफ हो पानी का ढलान-

अधिकतर जगहों पर सपाट छतों वाले मकान होते हैं, छत पर पानी के लिए ढलान वास्तु अनुसार रखना चाहिए। हमेशा पानी का ढलान दक्षिण-पश्चिम से उत्तर-पूर्व की तरफ होना चाहिए, इसके विपरीत होने से उत्पन्न वास्तु दोष से परेशानियां पैदा हो सकती हैं।
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Monday, November 22, 2021

घर की टाइल्स को कैसे सिलेक्ट करें | best tiles for house | tiles selecti...

1:44 AM 0

TILES SIZE 

Large Floor Tiles 600x1200 mm 2x4 sq. feet
Regular Floor Tiles 600x600 mm 2x2 sq. feet
300x600 mm 300x600 mm sq. feet
300x300 mm 1x1 sq. feet







1. Before you start
Think about the style of your home. Have a look through magazines and online for images of tiles you like. Try and not go against the style of your home – instead, work with it.

2. Tile size
Small-sized tiles are usually suited to small residential areas such as kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.

Kitchen window

3. Room size
Large tiles make a room feel larger and airier. Using floor tiles on the walls will make the space seem more cohesive, but you can’t use wall tiles on the floor. A floor tile will have a harder glaze and will be made of harder materials to withstand traffic. In a small room, light - coloure tiles will make the space feel bigger. If you have a large room you have more options; you can chose from light to dark tiles.

Gisborne home kitchen

4. Color
Consider the general feel you want to achieve in the room you are tiling – serene and relaxing or moody and atmospheric? Unless you have a feature area such as a splash back, tiles aren’t normally the focus of a room, but they can complement other design features of a room. In a bathroom you might want a restful relaxing setting, so go for color that blend well together. In a kitchen you might want a more vibrant option, so choose color that contrast.

5. Grout
Don’t forget the importance of choosing the right grout color. A contrasting grout will emphasize lines and the design, while a grout in a complementary color as the tile will give a subtle effect. Ensure your grouted areas are sealed to prevent staining.

Kitchen inspiration

6. Texture and pattern
Whether you choose matt or a polished finished is a personal choice. A glazed tile is easy to clean, where as a natural terracotta tile has no glaze and would need a seal to stop staining occurring.

7. Natural light
A gloss tile will suit a dark space as it reflects more light, as does a lighter color.

Kitchen

8. In the end
Ensure that whatever you choose in one room flows with the rest of your home’s style.



Tiles are one of the most important construction materials, essential for enhancing the aesthetic appeal of a project. The top tile brands allow for complete personalization of space, while being durable, smooth, long-lasting, and perfectly built for Indian requirements. Buyers can opt for the following tile brands in India, offering easy to maintain and aesthetically superior tiling products.

1-Orient Bell

Orient Bell is one of the top tile brands in India, offering several tiles in different shapes and forms. From 3D tiles to anti-skid tiles, Orient Bell leverages the best of technology to bring customers advanced 2021 tile options. Buyers can procure Orient Bell tiles at a starting price of INR 36/sq. ft., and benefit from its unique features and designs.

Orient Bell offers over 500 designs, from rustic wooden to marble, for a broader portfolio of products.
Tiles are available in full-body vitrified, glazed floor tiles, double-charged, and other popular tile types.
Orient Bell tiles are highly versatile and can be installed in any area for any project.
The portfolio of quality tiles is highly resistant to stains and scratching, providing a luxurious tile finish.
The tiles are available in glossy, non-glossy, rustic, matte, and other popular formats, and are one of the best low-maintenance tiles in the market.

2-Kajaria

Kajaria is the 8th largest tile manufacturer in the world and is one of the best tile brands in India. Buyers can seamlessly opt for a Kajaria tile and be assured of high-quality, superior performance, and enhanced finish. Kajaria, one of the top tiles brand in India, can be procured at a starting rate of INR 38/sq. ft.

Kajaria has an annual production capacity of 73 mn. sq. meters and manufacturers quality tiles across eight dedicated plants.
It offers more than 2800 different designs and styles of tiles for buyers to choose from.
Kajaria produces unique metallic kitchen tiles for modern homes to reflect contemporary aesthetics seamlessly.
It offers an extensive range of commercial tiles, designed to appeal to office spaces, malls, and other zones.
Its award-winning tiles provide a unique luxurious finish to any space, and are available across 40×80 cm, 30×60 cm, and 30×45 cm dimensions.

3-Somany

Somany is one of the leading tile brands in India, providing several unique and internationally inspired designs for Indian buyers. With close to 50 years of experience in the domain, it offers germ-free and stain-proof tiles for all applications. Somany tiles can be sourced from a starting price of INR 33/sq. ft. for all types of construction projects.

Somany total production capacity of 60 million square meters annually and offers fresh collections every year.
It offers highly unique ranges of tiles, such as Vistoso, Glosstra, and Duragress, taking advantage of the different materials available in tiles.
It leverages a sophisticated hard coat technology that protects it from scratching and staining in high footfall regions.
Its luxury collection, Precious, is available in attractive full polished and matt finishes.
It has superior functional characteristics, offering better resistance to acids/alkalis, abrasion, and other common factors.

4-Nitco

Nitco offers premium tiles in the market and is widely considered as one of the top 5 tiles brands in India. It provides a wide range of ceramic, vitrified, and glazed tiles, and has innovating in the industry for 64 years. Nitco tiles are available at a starting market rate of INR 40/sq. ft., for buyers that want to work with one of the best tiles brand in India.

Nitco has a wide dealer network of 2500+ direct dealers, while providing an extensive range of tile products.
It offers a unique premium range of Italian tiles, available in a wide range of sizes, for luxury fittings.
Nitco’s key collections, such as Eclectic, Vitrified Elevation, Estoile, and Ceramix Digital are highly unique in the marketplace.
It offers superior resistance to staining, abrasion, and scratching, making Nitco an ideal tiling solution for all requirements.

5-HR Johnson

HR Johnson offers end-to-end lifestyle solutions, providing one of the widest ranges of tiles in the market. It is a highly renowned tiles brand name, being in the industry for more than 60 years. The brand designs both consumer-oriented and industrial tiles, ensuring high-functionality and durability across their portfolio. HR Johnson tiles can be acquired at a starting rate of INR 38/sq. ft.

It is one of the top branded tiles company in India, offering a wide range of flooring options, such as Italian, Marble, Granite, Slate, Carpet, Terrazzo, etc.
Tiles are engineered to be germ-free, requiring minimal maintenance by occupants.
Collections are also designed to be stain-free, which preserves the aesthetic look long-term.
They offer a quality range of tactile tiles, for spaces that are designed to be visually impaired friendly.
They offer anti-static tiles that are ideal for spaces that are sensitive to static electricity generation.

6-Cera

Cera tiles are heavily inspired by nature, offering a unique set of options that are highly desirable in 2021. Its vitrified, glazed vitrified, nano technology, and HD digital ceramic floor tiles, are considered some of the best tiles in the marketplace. Buyers can opt for Cera tiles, one of the best tile brands in India, at a starting rate of INR 35/sq. ft.

Cera offers unique patterns and styles in commercial, residential, and industrial tiles.
It produces aesthetically pleasing tiles in a variety of formats, including vitrified, ceramic, glazed, etc.
Its unique portfolio blends the best of international design and the core requirements of Indian markets, such as durability, built, longevity, etc.
Cera tiles come with unique finishes that are highly appealing in 2021, such as glossy, matt sugar, satin, TR coating, etc.

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Wednesday, November 17, 2021

Basic Rules in Column Design | Civil Engineering

7:14 PM 0

 

Basic Rules in Column Design | Minimum Column Size | Concrete Cover | Spacing of Lateral Ties | Civil Engineering



The column design is one of the important aspect in building design for construction of any safe structures. While designing the column section we have to follow the basic rules as per the standards which is provided by the code provisions.



These basic rules will helps to create better and safe structure under the consideration of building specifications. The following are the basic rules to be considered before designing of column.

  1. Minimum Column size
  2. Minimum Diameter of the bars
  3. Minimum Grade of the concrete
  4. Concrete cover
  5. Use square columns
  6. Spacing of lateral ties
  7. Minimum number of bars
  8. Top and bottom area of column
  9. Center to center distance 



1. Minimum column size

The minimum column size as per code provision is taken as 9”X9” for building structure, depending upon the loading condition and building specification the column size may varies. If the loading on the structure is higher than we have give suitable dimensions of column which is greater than minimum sizes (9”X9”).




2. Minimum Diameter meter of the bars

The minimum diameter is the second basic rule to be considered in building design, as per the code provisions the minimum diameter of bar is taken as12mm. And the maximum diameter is depending upon the design considerations.


3. Minimum Grade of the concrete

Grade of the concrete is nothing but the proportions of ingredients used to make concrete mixture. Basically concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, aggregates, water and admixture if required, the strength of concrete is depends upon the mix proportion of ingredients. As per standard the minimum grade of concrete should be M20 with mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 for building design.   


4. Concrete cover

The concrete cover is the third factor to be considered in building design as per the standards the cover is the 10% the higher dimensions of beam or column. Let us consider an example column which is having 230mmX350mm dimensions the higher dimension of this column is 350mm and 10% of 350 which is 35mm. So the cover of column section is taken as 35mm.


5. Use square columns

The geometry of column is also important aspect in building design for buildings basically we use square, rectangular, circular or polygon sections. But as per the code provisions only use square column section is preferable than other geometry because the loading distribution is even in square column section than other geometry.


6. Spacing of lateral ties

The spacing of the lateral ties is 100mm to 200mm for safe structure design. If we increase the spacing beyond 200mm the column section buckling effect will occur.




7. Minimum number of bars

The number of the bars is seventh factor taken in basic rules in column design. For basic building the 4 number of bars is sufficient as per code provisions.



8. Top and bottom area of column

The cross section of column is taken as same throughout the building structure from bottom to top.  For example if we want to build G+5 building model 18”X18” to be taken as the dimensions of the column the same dimension to be provided from base to sixth floor for the building.



9. Center to center distance

The center to center distance between the columns is also important aspect in column design. The minimum center to center distance is 3m and the maximum center to center distance is 5m to be taken as per the standards which is provided by the code.



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Friday, May 7, 2021

civil engineer building contractor kaise bane | how to become a building...

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Tuesday, May 4, 2021

घर बनाने का सही क्रम ? ghar ka kam kaise kare | House Construction Step ...

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Wednesday, April 29, 2020

Construction Project Manager Responsibilities

8:46 PM 0
  Construction Project Manager Responsibilities








Construction managers, also known as construction project managers, oversee and allocate resources for various construction projects. A great construction project manager is skilled in both the technical skills required for the job and in leading and directing their team. Construction project manager responsibilities are what guide a project to success. Projects can vary from residential, commercial, and industrial buildings to bridges and skyscrapers.

Construction project managers oversee all aspects of the building process, working closely with engineers and architects to develop plans, establish timetables, and determine labor and material costs. They are responsible for ensuring the project is completed on budget and within scope. They also hire and manage subcontractors and employees, gather permits, and ensure all aspects of the project are up to code. The main construction project manager responsibilities are overall project planning, distributing resources, time management, risk management, creating benchmarks, managing the budget, managing staff, and managing relationships with key stakeholders.

construction project manager responsibilities-




Planning-

The construction manager needs to ensure that all of the work is done on time and within the projected budget. They also need to ensure that the construction project is compliant with current building codes as well as any other legal or regulatory requirements. A construction project manager must carefully plan out each stage of the project in order to ensure successful completion. They develop detailed project plans and are able to use these as a benchmark to track overall progress.

Planning a construction project is one of the main duties of construction project managers. They must develop a comprehensive project plan, track the progress of this plan, and effectively communicate the plan with employees and clients. Without a detailed plan of action, the project will not be completed efficiently and therefore could be subject to delays and budgetary issues.

In any job, creating and following a plan makes completing the project easier and reduces the amount of time wasted. The better a construction manager is at planning a project, the smoother the delivery of a construction project will go.



Creating Benchmarks-

Creating benchmarks is an essential part of construction project manager duties and is very similar to planning a construction project. Benchmarks are checkpoints during the construction project used to evaluate and determine project health. Benchmarking is crucial for a construction project manager to be aware of the status and progress of the project at all times.

Benchmarks are useful to measure project performance throughout the life of the project. They are used to estimate a project’s timeline, budget, and the efficiency of its progress. Without benchmarks, a construction project manager may find it difficult to accurately understand where exactly in its timeline the project currently is and how the budget allocation is progressing.

Time Management-

A successful construction project manager is also skilled at time management. In order for a project to be delivered on time, the project manager must be able to set a realistic timeline and consistently meet the benchmarks within it.

A project manager must be able to estimate the duration of each step of the project in order to prevent delays due to human error. They must develop, maintain, evaluate, and readjust a schedule as necessary to ensure timely delivery of the final project. Using a time app can make time management easier for construction project managers.


Risk Management-

Another main role of construction project managers is to perform risk management. Risk management includes identifying and responding to potential issues throughout the life of the project to minimize potential negative impacts and help ensure the safety of the workers. Internal risk management can include issues such as unrealistic scheduling commitments and poor planning design, while external risk management often deals with unforeseen regulatory requirements and natural disasters such as storms or earthquakes.

Many construction project managers create a contingency plan to have a proactive approach to risk management rather than a reactive one. They also supervise their workers and providing assistance when necessary, and are responsible for ensuring that the project is adhering to health and safety standards and must report issues when they occur. A project manager who incorporates risk management in their overall plan is often more effective and is able to deliver the final project within its set specifications.


Distributing Resources-

Every construction project requires the skill to effectively procure and allocate resources. One of the construction project manager duties is to allocate these resources and ensure that there are no shortages. A construction project manager must understand what materials are needed and make sure that there are enough to finish the job.

Project managers must be able to manage any alterations made to the project scope and adjust the overall plan to accommodate for these changes. These alterations often stem from unforeseen circumstances and require the project manager to effectively redistribute the project resources.

A construction project manager who does not correctly ensure resource availability and allocation can cause an overall delay of the project. While delays are sometimes unavoidable, a delay due to a construction project managers poor decision making can hurt the budget and waste company resources. Being able to effectively distribute resources helps construction project managers avoid such problems and helps ensure the successful development of the project.


Managing the Budget-

A construction project cannot begin without a proper budget. Another major construction project manager duty is to manage the financial plan and consistently evaluate the project budget. To avoid going over a project’s budget, a project manager must continuously keep track of spending and forecast changes to the budget. They must inform their team about forecasts, keep tabs on the budget, and be prepared for unplanned costs. The more prepared a construction project manager is, the fewer problems they will have to worry about.


Managing and Communicating with Staff-

Hiring and managing staff is a crucial part of construction project manager responsibilities. They cannot expect their workers to know what to do without clear and concise communication. A successful construction project manager is able to delegate project tasks to employees based on their individual skill sets and overall project goals.

A project manager needs to consistently inform staff of project details and evaluate the effectiveness of a project plan with employees. In order for a project to be completed on time and within scope, there needs to be effective communication between the workers and the project manager.

If a project manager is not able to effectively communicate with staff, the project may have unclear objectives, inefficient allocation of resources, and a poor quality of deliverables. A good project manager is able to motivate and direct their team to ensure the delivery of a successful project.


Managing Relationships with Key Stakeholders-

While internal communication between workers and the project manager is necessary, external communication to key stakeholders is crucial as well. Construction project manager responsibilities also involve communicating the progress and health of the project with key stakeholders and clients.

By coordinating internal resources with outside vendors, a project manager can help execute a project more efficiently. They must also maintain relationships with third-party sources, such as subcontractors, to ensure that they have the resources available to complete a project.


Conclusion-

While construction project managers may fill several different roles within each specific project, their responsibilities are key to success in a construction project. A construction project manager helps employees effectively work together to create a great final product. The manager is the leader of the project, but by no means is it a job that can be done alone. Through proper teamwork, communication, budget management, resource management, and planning, a project can turn out more than successful. It takes a great team mentality in the construction business to make something great, but it also takes a great manager to direct everyone towards a successful project.
Posted in Construction Project Manager, Education.
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